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Home > Research > Publications

Subject: Sociology

‘Motherhood penalty’ cuts earnings by up to 45%

Women face ‘motherhood penalty’ of up to 45 per cent lower earnings

Earnings and income penalties for motherhood: estimates for British women using the individual synthetic control method

Couples’ changing work patterns in the United Kingdom and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

Double trouble: does job loss lead to union dissolution and vice versa?

Participation in civil society organizations and ethnic minorities’ interethnic friendships in Britain

Social capital as a partial explanation for gender wage gaps

Work less, help out more? The persistence of gender inequality in housework and childcare during UK COVID-19

Parental social class and school GCSE outcomes: two decades of evidence from UK household panel surveys

Social class inequalities in educational attainment: measuring social class using capitals, assets and resources

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Institute for Social and Economic Research
University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ UK

ESRC University of Essex
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