Publication type
EUROMOD Working Paper Series
Series Number
EM10/09
Series
EUROMOD Working Paper Series
Authors
Publication date
December 18, 2009
Abstract:
International comparisons of inequality based on measures of disposable income may not be valid if the size and incidence of publicly-provided in kind benefits differ across the countries considered. The benefits that are financed by taxation in one country may need to be purchased out of disposable income in another. We estimate the size and incidence of in kind or “non cash” benefits from public housing subsidies, education and health care for five European countries using comparable methods and data. Inequality in the augmented income measure is dramatically lower than in disposable income, with the effects of the three components varying in importance across countries. Adapting equivalence scales to take proper account of differences in needs for health care and education across population members reduces the scale of the effect, but does not eliminate it.
Subjects
Notes
working paper
Is referenced by: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Department (2014) Fiscal policy and income inequality. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
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