Evaluating the impact of the UK job retention scheme on mental health and well-being using matched difference-in-differences

Publication type

Journal Article

Series Number

Authors

Publication date

December 16, 2025

Summary:

In March 2020, the UK government implemented the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, otherwise known as furlough, to minimise the impact of job losses. The UK furlough protected jobs during the COVID-19 crisis, covering up to 80 per cent of a worker's monthly wage for hours not worked. We evaluate the causal effects of furlough on mental health, life satisfaction and loneliness, considering different labour market transitions in the pandemic. We employ a difference-in-differences estimator with propensity score matching, using data from the main stage and the COVID-19 waves of Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We show that furlough protected workers’ mental health and well-being, compared with non-furloughed workers and unemployment. We also find no detrimental effect on well-being to being furloughed compared with continuous employment. The well-being gains from furlough are particularly evident for those with pre-existing health conditions. Overall, policies that mitigated negative labour market transitions during the pandemic had positive effects on the well-being of the working population.

Published in

Fiscal Studies

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.70010

ISSN

01435671

Subjects

Notes

Online Early

© 2025 The Author(s). Fiscal Studies published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Institute for Fiscal Studies.

Open Access

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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