The declining mental health of the young and the global disappearance of the unhappiness hump shape in age

Publication type

Journal Article

Series Number

Authors

Publication date

August 27, 2025

Summary:

Across many studies subjective well-being has followed a U-shape in age, declining until people reach middle-age, only to rebound subsequently. Ill-being has followed a mirror-imaged hump-shape. Using graphical and regression analyses of repeat cross-sectional micro-data from the United States and the United Kingdom, we show this empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in ill-being by age. The reason for the change is the deterioration in young people’s mental health both absolutely and relative to older people. Pooling Global Minds data across 44 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, over the period 2020–2025 we confirm that ill-being is no longer hump-shaped in age but now decreases in age.

Published in

PLoS ONE

Volume

Volume: 20

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327858

ISSN

19326203

Subjects

Notes

© 2025 Blanchflower et al.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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