Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation

Publication type

Journal Article

Authors

Publication date

March 15, 2023

Summary:

Background:

Loneliness is a growing public health concern, yet little is known about loneliness in young people. The current study aimed to identify social ecological factors related to loneliness and examine the extent to which geographic region may account for differences in loneliness.
Methods:

The data come from a cross-sectional sample of 6503 young people living in the UK. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale. Bivariate analyses were used to test associations between each predictor and loneliness. Multilevel models were used to identify key social ecological factors related to loneliness, and the extent to which loneliness may vary across geographic regions (local authority districts).
Results:

Sociodemographic, social, health and well-being, and community factors were found to be associated with loneliness. Geographic region was associated with 5–8% of the variation in loneliness. The effect of gender, sexual orientation and minority ethnic background on loneliness differed across regions.
Conclusions:

This is the first study to highlight modifiable social and community factors related to youth loneliness, and individual vulnerabilities, such as poor mental well-being. Results related to geographic differences suggest that local-level initiatives may be most appropriate in tackling loneliness, rather than wider, less contextualized national efforts.

Published in

Journal of Public Health

Volume and page numbers

Volume: 45 , p.109 -117

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab402

ISSN

17413842

Subjects

Notes

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Open Access

Referenced by: Qualter, P., Arseneault, L., Barreto, M., Fett, A.-K., Hey, N., Johnson, S., …, Victor, C. (2023) 'Tackling loneliness evidence review: main report'. London: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.

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