Adolescent mental health difficulties and educational attainment: findings from the UK household longitudinal study

Publication type

Journal Article

Authors

Publication date

July 25, 2021

Summary:

Objective: This study examines whether there is an independent association between mental difficulties in adolescence and educational attainment at age 16.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Nationally representative data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) were linked to the National Pupil Database for England.

Participants: Respondents (N=1100) to the UKHLS between 2009 and 2012 were linked to the National Pupil Database to investigate longitudinal associations between mental difficulties at ages 11–14 and educational attainment at age 16 (General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)).

Primary outcome measure: Not gaining five or more GCSE qualifications at age 16, including English and maths at grade A*–C.

Results: An atypical total mental health difficulty score measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 11–14 predicted low levels of educational attainment at age 16 (OR: 3.11 (95% CI: (2.11 to 4.57)). Controlling for prior attainment and family sociodemographic factors, happiness with school (/work) and parental health, school engagement and relationship with the child partially attenuated the association, which was significant in the fully adjusted model (2.05, 95% CI (1.15 to 3.68)). The association was maintained in the fully adjusted model for males only (OR: 2.77 (95% CI (1.24 to 6.16)) but not for females. Hyperactivity disorder strongly predicted lower attainment for males (OR: 2.17 (95% CI: (1.11 to 4.23)) and females (OR: 2.85 (95% CI (1.30 to 6.23)).

Conclusion: Mental difficulties at ages 11–14 were independently linked to educational success at age 16, highlighting an important pathway through which health in adolescence can determine young people’s life chances.

Published in

BMJ Open

Volume

Volume: 11

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046792

ISSN

20446055

Subjects

Notes

Open Access

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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