| bhsroom | Number of rooms in accommodation |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (4) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH1 : I would like to ask you a few questions about your household's accommodation. How many rooms are there here, including bedrooms but excluding kitchens, bathrooms, and any rooms you may let or sublet? |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| 1 | 106 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 2 | 421 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| 3 | 1002 | 19.2 | 19.2 |
| 4 | 1566 | 30.0 | 30.1 |
| 5 | 1297 | 24.8 | 24.9 |
| 6 | 451 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
| 7 | 218 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| 8 | 81 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| 9 | 33 | .6 | .6 |
| 10 | 16 | .3 | .3 |
| 11 | 6 | .1 | .1 |
| 12 | 3 | .1 | .1 |
| 13 | 1 | .0 | .0 |
| 14 | 2 | .0 | .0 |
| 16 | 2 | .0 | .0 |
| 21 | 1 | .0 | .0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 20 | .4 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 1 | .0 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 5206 | Missing cases | 21 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | ALL RESPONDENTS |
| Index Terms | Housing: Size and Condition of Dwelling |
| Socio-demographic Characteristics |
| Note | Rooms currently sublet to persons outside h/hold are excluded, those occupied by lodgers or boarders within h/hold are included. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bhscost | Original purchase price of property |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (9) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH8 (BH13,BH23,BH25,BH29) : How much did you pay for the property? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 56342.08 | 58339.31 | 150 | 630000 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 302 | 5.8 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 28 | .5 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4883 | 93.4 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 1 | .0 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 13 | .2 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 302 | Missing cases | 4925 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGYNOT= 1-2) OR (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BHSIVW1 = 1 ) Asked if R was buying the property with a mortgage or loan, or owns or part owns home and and was interviewed at present address last year |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgnew | Amount of additional mortgage on home |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (7) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH11 (BH17,BH34) : How much in total is this additional mortgage or loan? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 10285 | 11650.37 | 700 | 84500 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 204 | 3.9 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 2 | .0 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 2 | .0 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 204 | Missing cases | 5023 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Includes any additional loans, including second mortgages. If remortgaged, amount given is difference between mortgage paid off and remortgage towards this total. Includes imputed data. For variables directly associated with a question, the imputation flag variable takes the missing value code of the original variable (e.g. Don't know, refuse, etc.) if imputed, and 0 if not imputed, or -8 if the variable was inapplicable. See section on Imputation in Volume A. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgxty1 | Extra loan for home extension |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (8) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH12A (BH18A) : What was this additional mortgage/loan used for? Home extension |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Not mentioned | 0 | 168 | 3.2 | 80.8 |
| Home extension | 1 | 40 | .8 | 19.2 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 208 | Missing cases | 5019 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgxty2 | Extra loan for home improvements |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (6) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH12B (BH18B) : What was this additional mortgage/loan used for? Home improvements or repairs |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Not mentioned | 0 | 108 | 2.1 | 51.9 |
| Home improvements | 1 | 100 | 1.9 | 48.1 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 208 | Missing cases | 5019 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Household Consumption: Home Improvements |
| Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgxty3 | Extra loan for car purchase |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (6) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH12C (BH18C) : What was this additional mortgage/loan used for? Car purchase |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Not mentioned | 0 | 194 | 3.7 | 93.3 |
| Car purchase | 1 | 14 | .3 | 6.7 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 208 | Missing cases | 5019 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Transport |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgxty4 | Extra loan for other consumer goods |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (6) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH12D (BH18D) : What was this additional mortgage/loan used for? Other consumer goods |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Not mentioned | 0 | 200 | 3.8 | 96.2 |
| Other consumer gds | 1 | 8 | .2 | 3.8 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 208 | Missing cases | 5019 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Household Consumption: Consumer Durables |
| Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgxty5 | Extra loan for other specified reason |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (8) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH12E (BH18E) : What was this additional mortgage/loan used for? Other |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Not mentioned | 0 | 140 | 2.7 | 67.3 |
| Other specifed expen | 1 | 68 | 1.3 | 32.7 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 22 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4997 | 95.6 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 208 | Missing cases | 5019 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND ( BMGSTAT = 1 AND BMGXTRA = 1 OR BMGSTAT = 3)) OR BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGXTRA = 1) Asked if R owns or part owns property which is being bought with a mortgage or a loan and was either interviewed at present address and had a mortgage then or owned it outright, and has subsequently taken out an additional mortgage or loan, or if new address has taken out an additional mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmgold | Amount borrowed at purchase: mortgagee |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (7) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH14 (BH30) : How much have you borrowed in order to buy this property? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 40450.94 | 22706.43 | 1800 | 140000 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 241 | 4.6 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 26 | .5 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4934 | 94.4 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 5 | .1 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 21 | .4 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 241 | Missing cases | 4986 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2 AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND BMGSTAT = 2) OR BHSIVW1=2 )Asked if R is buying the property with a mortgage or loan and R was either renting this property on 1.9.1991 and was interviewed at present address last year or was not interviewed at present address last year |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Records total amount borrowed at purchase. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bmglife | Years left to pay: mortgagee |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (7) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH15 (BH31) : How many years has your mortgage still to run? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 20.94 | 5.80 | 0 | 35 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| 0 | 1 | .0 | .4 |
| Period stated | 1 | 252 | 4.8 | 99.6 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 25 | .5 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4934 | 94.4 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 15 | .3 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 253 | Missing cases | 4974 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BMGHAVE = 2 AND ( BHSIVW1 = 1 AND BMGSTAT = 2) OR BHSIVW1=2 )Asked if R is buying the property with a mortgage or loan and R was either renting this property on 1.9.1991 and was interviewed at present address last year or was not interviewed at present address last year |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Records date on which all mortgages on property paid off. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bxpmg | Last total monthly mortgage payment |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (8) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH19 (BH36) : How much was your last total monthly instalment on the mortgage(s) or loan(s)? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 281.33 | 244.18 | 8 | 4270 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 2329 | 44.6 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 16 | .3 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 2882 | 55.1 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 2329 | Missing cases | 2898 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BHSIVW1 = 1 AND BMGHAVE = 2) Asked if R is buying the property with a mortgage or loan |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Includes imputed data see note for BMGNEW and Section on Imputation in Volume A. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bhsval | Value of property: home owners |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (10) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH27 : About how much would you expect to get for your home if you sold it today? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 77653.18 | 49926.80 | 150 | 250000 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 33 | .6 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 20 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 5168 | 98.9 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 1 | .0 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 5 | .1 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 33 | Missing cases | 5194 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 1-2 AND BHSIVW1 = 2 AND BMGHAVE = 1) Asked if R owns property outright and was not interviewed at present address last year |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Includes imputed data see note for BMGNEW and Section on Imputation in Volume A. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| brentll | Landlord of rented accommodation |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (13) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH40 : Who is the accommodation rented from or provided by? |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Local auth/Council | 1 | 983 | 18.8 | 59.1 |
| NewTown Comm/Corp | 2 | 11 | .2 | .7 |
| Property company | 3 | 54 | 1.0 | 3.2 |
| Scottish Homes | 4 | 4 | .1 | .2 |
| Other housg assoc | 5 | 165 | 3.2 | 9.9 |
| Employer | 6 | 47 | .9 | 2.8 |
| Other org | 7 | 88 | 1.7 | 5.3 |
| Relative | 8 | 52 | 1.0 | 3.1 |
| Employer | 9 | 12 | .2 | .7 |
| Other individual | 10 | 246 | 4.7 | 14.8 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 23 | .4 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 3542 | 67.8 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 1662 | Missing cases | 3565 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 3-5) Asked if R's home is rented or provided rent- free |
| Index Terms | Housing: Ownership Status and Tenure |
| Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Used in construction of derived variable BTENURE. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| brent | Net amount of last rent payment |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (14) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH43 : How much was the last rent payment, including any services or water charges but after any rebates? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 103.85 | 260.11 | 1 | 6720 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 1272 | 24.3 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 17 | .3 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 3652 | 69.9 | Missing |
| Rent rebate | -3 | 286 | 5.5 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 1272 | Missing cases | 3955 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 3, 5 ) Asked if R's home is rented |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | Variables associated with payments or receipts include two for each, the amount of the receipt or payment (here BRENT), and the period in weeks which it covered (here BRENTW). These variables should not be used without first converting to a common time metric (e.g. dividing by number of weeks). Includes imputed data see note for BMGNEW and Section on Imputation in Volume A. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| brentw | Weeks covered by last rent payment |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (14) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH44 : What period did this cover? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 2.46 | 3.34 | 1 | 52 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1.00 | 1271 | 24.3 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9.00 | 17 | .3 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8.00 | 3938 | 75.3 | Missing |
| Period uncodeable | -3.00 | 1 | .0 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 1271 | Missing cases | 3956 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 3, 5 AND BRENT GT 0) Asked if R's home is rented and last rent payment recorded and not in receipt of 100% rent rebate |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | See note for BRENT. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| brenthb | Receives rent rebate or rent allowance |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (15) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH46 : Was any housing benefit such as a rent rebate or rent allowance deducted from the last rent payment? |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Yes | 1 | 401 | 7.7 | 33.1 |
| No | 2 | 809 | 15.5 | 66.9 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 26 | .5 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 3991 | 76.4 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 1210 | Missing cases | 4017 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 3, 5 AND BRENT GT 0) Asked if R's home is rented and last rent payment recorded and not in receipt of 100% rent rebate |
| Index Terms | Housing: Allowances/Rebates |
| Note | Exclude those whose rent is paid by individual or charitable organisation outside the household (e.g. relative) or where whole of rent is paid through income support or housing benefit. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| brentg | Gross rent including Housing Benefit |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (15) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH47 : So what would the last rent payment have been if Housing Benefit had not been deducted from it? |
| | Mean | Std Dev | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| 52.65 | 60.58 | 5 | 600 |
|
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Amount stated | 1 | 713 | 13.6 | 100.0 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 17 | .3 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 4497 | 86.0 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 713 | Missing cases | 4514 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND = 3, 5 AND BRENT GT 0 ) Asked if R's home is rented and last rent payment recorded |
| Index Terms | Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Note | See note for BRENT. Includes imputed data see note for BMGNEW and Section on Imputation in Volume A. |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |
| bxphsdf | Problems paying for housing over year |
| Record Type | BHHRESP |
| Questionnaire | Household (16) |
| Question Number and Text |
BH50 : Many people these days are finding it difficult to keep up with their housing payments. In the last twelve months would you say you have had any difficulties paying for your accommodation? |
| Value Label | Value | Frequency | % | Valid % |
|---|
| Yes | 1 | 658 | 12.6 | 17.1 |
| No | 2 | 2938 | 56.2 | 76.5 |
| rent rebate | 3 | 246 | 4.7 | 6.4 |
| Missing or wild | -9 | 43 | .8 | Missing |
| Inapplicable | -8 | 1324 | 25.3 | Missing |
| Refused | -2 | 3 | .1 | Missing |
| Don't know | -1 | 15 | .3 | Missing |
|
| | Valid cases | 3842 | Missing cases | 1385 |
|---|
|
| Question Route | IF (BHSOWND=3,5 OR (BHSOWND =1, 2 AND BMGHAVE = 2) Asked if R's home rented or mortgage being paid off |
| Index Terms | Financial Management: Credit and Debt |
| Financial Management: Problems |
| Housing: Rent, Mortgage and Loan Details |
| Variable Occurrence | W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 |